Bilingual Education For Foreign Students Free Essays

Bilingual Education in the northeastern United States and Canada serves numerous preferences and advantages for understudies of constrained English abilities. Since the mid sixty†s, it keeps on serving an extraordinary favorable position to remote understudies. This is significant in light of the fact that it offers these understudies the chance to accomplish the â€Å"American Dream†. We will compose a custom paper test on Bilingual Education For Foreign Students or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now American instructors have contended that the point of training ought to be to acclimatize an outside understudy into the American standard, become great American residents, and not keep their ethnic personality. The advocates of bilingual training accept that this type of guidance puts down a child†s ethnic and social legacy, makes low confidence, and encourages a high dropout rate. In this manner, certain bilingual instruction approaches urges students† to keep up their language, ethnic and social character, while simultaneously learning another dialect and culture by and large. Bilingual Education gives guidance to understudies in two dialects. The essential objective of bilingual instruction in the United States is to instruct English to understudies who don†t communicate in English or have constrained English capability (LEP). In spite of the fact that Florida and California have chosen to get rid of this instructive methodology, the discussion with respect to bilingual training will never end. In this paper distinctive bilingual instruction approaches will be characterized and the historical backdrop of Bilingual Education will be addressed. The Proposition 227 debate and a few perspectives towards bilingual training will be examined. The last end will show my emotions toward bilingual instruction. There are numerous methodologies that are utilized to train LEP understudies. Transitional bilingual training (TBE), which is at present fused in the NJ educational systems, is equipped to move LEP understudies into monolingual classes inside a few years. Projects, for example, this train students† in their local language in a similar scholarly level as their monolingual friends. After proper English capability level is accomplished the LEP students† can move aptitudes to work effectively in a monolingual class. Simultaneously students† are additionally joined up with classes that show them English as a subsequent language (ESL) (CQ Researcher, 1996). Bilingual advocates who lean toward the formative bilingual instruction (DBE) accept that the transitional methodology nullifies the general purpose of bilingual training, since it doesn†t keep up a student†s local language. The pundits incline toward DBE in light of the fact that it is intended to show both the students† local language and English. Utilizing this methodology the understudy can upgrade their abilities in their local language and furthermore have the option to learn English up until 6th grade. â€Å"The thought, they state, is to show added substance bilingualism, which makes understudies familiar with two dialects while making them increasingly agile learners† (CQ Researchers, 1996). As indicated by the article, â€Å"Teaching English to Non-English Speakers offers a Wide Range of Techniques† in the CQ Researchers (1996), the most refined formative methodology is called two-way bilingual training. This methodology blends non-English talking understudies with around an equivalent number of English speakers in a similar study hall. Understudies are instructed in one language toward the beginning of the day and the other language toward the evening. This methodology apparatuses to make the two arrangements of understudies bilingual at levels of familiarity that permit each to progress in language just as in different subjects. Such projects are uncommon, yet where they exist, and where they have very much prepared bilingual instructors (educators conversant in the two dialects and who utilize intelligent or bunch learning methods), most analysts and eyewitnesses state that understudies perform better at each vitality level of learning than their companions, regardless of what sort of guidance the non-two-way understudies get (CQ Researchers, 1996). Inundation instruction is another sort of instructing way to deal with bilingual training. In these classes, known as unique option instructional projects, the most well known being organized drenching †understudies take in their second language from educators who train them topic introduced in the new dialect. While submersion depends on guidance in the student†s second language, it isn't what they call â€Å"sink-or-swim†. â€Å"Sink-or-swim† is the point at which the instructor offers no additional assistance in learning the new dialect. The United States Supreme Court, in Lau v. Nichols(1974), proclaimed that not offering additional assistance was an infringement of government social liberties law (CQ Researchers, 1996). The St.Lambert French submersion program was introduced in 1965 in Canada. It was intended to give capability in the two parts of the French language, to advance English capability, to guarantee a proper formative degree of accomplishment in scholarly subjects, and to have the understudies comprehend and value the French Canadian without detracting from the students† personality for the English Canadian culture. These objectives were shared by the majority of the drenching programs in Canada (refered to in Paulston, 1988). The last methodology is called substitute drenching, otherwise called shielded English or protected topic guidance. In protected classes kids gain proficiency with their second language first by contemplating subjects. My auntie, Odainy Tansey, who educates in a bilingual school in Passaic New Jersey, says that the educational committee is endeavoring to bring protected English into the study hall. She expressed that protected English won't be a decent methodology in acquainting another dialect with remote understudies. The language learning circumstance contains the essential elements for second-language learning. There are three significant segments: (1) students that understand that they need that target language (TL) and are inspired to make that transition to learn English; (2) teachers who know the objective language alright to give the learning apparatuses should have been ready to learn English; and (3) a learning situation that permits both the understudies and the educators together to have the option to give the learning procedure something to do. Every one of the three segments are critical in the learning procedure of a language. In spite of the fact that there are a wide range of approaches, these three significant advances are significant. The three learning procedures can be portrayed as (1) social, (2) phonetic, and (3) subjective (refered to by Bialystok, 1991, 52). There are numerous inquiries concerning bilingual investigations. For those whose families talk just Spanish, â€Å"it gives a conflicting and not appallingly effective procedure of remediation† (Kozol, 1985). For a large number of the best English-talking understudies, then again, unknown dialect study is an indication of greatness, superiority, and scholastic guarantee. The law proclaims that classes directed only in English are â€Å"inadequate† for the instruction of youngsters whose local tongue is another dialect and that bilingual training programs are fundamental â€Å"to guarantee equivalent instructive chance to each child† (Pialorsi, 1974). Massachusetts turned into the primary state to require and give bilingual projects to kids whose first language isn't English. Not long after New York, California, Illinois, and Texas had laws allowing nearby school areas to give bilingual instruction (Pialorsi, 1974). Albeit bilingual training despite everything exists in numerous states. Florida has totally discarded it, and California is currently additionally disposing of bilingual training. The voting form activity, Proposition 227, will before long end bilingual instruction in California state funded schools. Bilingual instruction was completely intended to include worker guardians in the training of their children or to address the issues of an abrupt flood of outcasts. Under this new polling form, kids will get close to one year in English guidance of what is called protected English. Despite the fact that the shielded strategy is untested as a methods for moving huge quantities of children into the standard classes, it is currently the law (The New Republic, 1998). Suggestion 227 was composed by Ron Unz, a Republican multimillionaire from Silicon Valley, he got the thought from a gathering of Mexican-American guardians. The majority of the guardians believed that the bilingual instruction framework was keeping their youngsters down. Surveys taken before Tuesday†s political decision demonstrated that anyplace â€Å"between 30 and 60 percent of Latino voters on California endorsed of the measure (The New Republic, 1998). Latinos concurred with this polling form instead of Proposition 187, where they accepting it as a type of migrant slamming. In a monograph distributed by the New Jersey Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages-Bilingual Education (NJTESOL-BE), Professor Collier shares a portion of her less promoted bits of knowledge. â€Å"We must urge language-minority guardians to communicate in the principal language at home, not to communicate in English†¦to deny a kid the main methods for speaking with his parents†¦is commensurate to physical savagery to that student† (Amselle, 1996). Bilingual Education can be a compensating experience whenever taught by the ideal individuals in the correct way. Protected English is by all accounts a horrendous method to acquaint English with a non-English speaker. The understudy won't have the option to gain proficiency with the language accurately and won't have the option to get their right musings over. Learning just bits of a language isn't adequate. That is much the same as setting off to a nation that doesn't communicate in English as a first language with just a single year of training in that language. It will be hard to ask where the washroom is not to mention step through an examination in that language. The main route for Bilingual Education to work is in the event that they utilize the two-way bilingual training. This appr

China Trade essays

China Trade papers In 1980 neither residents nor Chinese industry could manage the cost of most American imports, by 1985 there is proof that the Chinese either have more cash to spend or, have found better approaches to obtain hard money. In 1980 China stayed powerless in its endeavor to procure American imports because of the absence of hard cash. China had ended up in a predicament. As indicated by Sheils, it wasnt simply the residents that couldnt bear the cost of a 60-penny Coke, makeup, or dietary enhancements, yet the bigger enterprises, notwithstanding, that couldnt manage the cost of the hardware expected to improve their businesses for send out purposes (10-11). In spite of the fact that China experienced wound up in difficulty, they were continually considering approaches to turn their circumstance around. By 1985 there was proof that China was adjusting what was a terrible circumstance previously. China was presently extending vertically, elevated structures being set up wherever with tall cranes swinging overhead (Altman 18). From a visual point of view China appeared to start acting responsibly. As indicated by Altman, business appeared to be blasting. American innovation was sought after and that implied that there must be cash to burn through (18). Americans werent the main ones that saw this improvement. Japan, Chinas number one exchanging accomplice started showing Mandarin, the Chinese national language, with an end goal to create more exchange (Altman 18). For such a radical improvement to have occurred in China cash must be its course. It was obvious that cash wasnt as scant as it used to be in China. China had discovered its way into the center of things rather than simply glancing in. China began moving rapidly to change the money related circumstance they experienced in 1980 by holding their first public exhibition in America (Sheils 10). Cash was required to pour in as the show advanced from San Francisco, Chicago and in the long run New York. Altman clarifies, the Chinese had moreover... <! China Trade expositions While Americans wrongly sent the Chinese merchandise that they didn't utilize, the Chinese, generally, kept away from that botch by utilizing some presence of mind. Since Americans were oblivious to the requirements of the Chinese, numerous items that were sent out from the U.S. stayed on Chinese racks. It was very silly to send dietary enhancements that expect milk to a nation that doesnt use dairy items and are lactose bigoted. Chinese individuals dont have the equivalent optional supports that most Americans do. They cannot bear to spend the additional 60-pennies on a Coke and along these lines this is anything but an astute fare for Americans to send them. Realizing that the Chinese cannot bear the cost of a straightforward soda pop Americans ought to do somewhat more research before sending them increasingly futile products. In contrast to America, China did somewhat more research on the requirements and needs of American residents and promoted by this. The main fare that didnt appear to be a success in the states was the canned moose nose, beside that everything else appeared to locate an agreeable spot in American homes. China took the cotton and polyester that the U.S. sent them, transformed the materials into garments and transported them directly back to the U.S. for a better than average benefit. The Chinese offered modest work to Americans, an asset that every single American organization are continually searching for and need. They additionally profited by our Independence Day by assembling firecrackers and offering them to us. With an end goal to pull in American dollars and addition a superior handle on what the U.S. needed, China chose to bring its first expo to San Francisco. The show began in San Francisco and was required to move east, halting in Chicago and New York, before heading home. Chinese product, for example, jams, gadgets, materials and oil based commodities were only a portion of the triumphs at the public exhibition among Americans. With this public expo Chin... <!

Assessment Of Into The Wild Essay Example For Students

Evaluation Of Into The Wild Essay Albeit definitely on track in his appraisal of Chris McCandless being in contact with the no frills substance of nature, Gordon Youngs going before depiction of Chris ought to be reworded: A significantly Un-American figure, firm in his methodology and altogether idealistic about what's to come. For Chris McCandless didn't embark to appear or demonstrate his American character. Neither does he endorse or need to epitomize a genuine current American character, since genuine American character doesn't look for isolation, leaning toward the seat to the trolley, or the star-sprinkled sky to a rooftop, or, particularly, the dark and troublesome path, driving into the obscure, to any cleared thruway and the profound spot of the wild to the discontent reared by urban areas, as states Everett Ruess. Truth be told, in todays universe of endless solaces and comforts, nature and escaping implies setting up a tent in the terrace, or driving our RV to a campsite, connecting the warmth, the TV, and the phone and drinking a brew. Indeed, Chris McCandless exemplified what it is to be flighty, untraditional, nature-adoring. Whats increasingly significant, Chris demonstrated us a specific level of opportunity, what genuine freedom is aboutthe opportunity of the individual, however the opportunity of something a lot higher than thatthe opportunity of the brain. Opportunity from cultural restrictions of continually being somebody, assuming some job. More than anybody, up until this point, Chris has demonstrated me a genuine character, for in a spot where one is separated from everyone else for a significant distance around, a spot where endurance is an hourly errand, where the main environmental factors are the untamed life, where one is encircled by consistent dumbfounding issues magnificence and peril, life of nature and passing in nature, physical restrictions, for example, hunger and complete opportunity of the astuteness and psyche, a spot where the main mates are Leo Tolstoy, Henry David Thoreau, and Jack London, themselves unimposed people with an ability to adore nature and a longing to be freeif in such a spot a man can't be essentially a man, his own selfthere will never be such a spot and time of distinction. In the event that one can't discover an identityhis genuine self here, he will never discover it. It is a fascinating idea, nature and opportunity. For nature permits us to escape from our timeour cultural forced timetable, our time clock and change to natures clockan intriguing idea, for, in the event that anything, it limits us from multiple points of view: dusk means rest and cold, downpour shows us unavoidable wetness and hopelessness, and day break is a period of enlivening. Subsequently, somehow or another, it is a limitation. Profoundly, nonetheless, it is an opportunity through association with naturegoing at natures pace, at a NATURAL pace, not at our own falsely made, cultural forced pace. Nature additionally means another kind of scholarly opportunity: the opportunity to act naturally, the opportunity from assuming a job. Also, along these lines, nature is an extreme test: without the phones and firearms, the cooling and gas controlled comforts, the separately wrapped Twinkie bars and bundled water, would we say we are sufficient ourselves to make due inside the nature without every one of these accommodations weve made for ourselves? It is a trial of value of our reality on this planet, value of guaranteeing ourselves as a piece of nature. Chris indicated us, and the nature, that a few of us are in any event sufficiently able to endeavor such a presence, to experience such preliminary: he had a go at demonstrating to the nature that we, as individuals, are deserving of such a case. Chris, in any case, didn't decide to demonstrate anything to nature, or truly, to anybody. Chris venture was an otherworldly one, and a narrow minded one so childish, truth be told, that he couldn't have cared less about the impact of his activities on others, for example, his family. Chris didn't raise vows and give that to good cause despite the fact that he gave away his assets and investment funds with an end goal to free himself of shallow things. Nor did he advertise what he had decided to do. Chris venture was an individual campaign of a quest for inward and external isolation, of life off the land, of freeing self of that which blocks us from acting naturally. .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .postImageUrl , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:hover , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:visited , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:active { border:0!important; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:active , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:hover { murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u74b1452 f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Bartleby-The Scrivener EssayHis was a hunt of what life is about, and I incredibly appreciate his character, his insight, and his quality in having done what he did. I appreciate his mission for information, his looking for own personality, and what he may discover just as, in a specific way his naivety and idiocy, despite the fact that this is the thing that murdered him, yet both of these are what kept him on this journey. The expression God keeps an eye out for idiots and lushes is valid in Chris caseGod guarded him for quite a while so that Chris could find what he found for himself. No, Chris unquestionably doesn't s peak to an American character in todays societyhe speaks to and can be related with somebody from the extraordinary convention of American writing, from Huck Finn to Jack London and from Thoreau to Ernest Hemingway.

Why i want to be a LPN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why I need to be a LPN - Essay Example I picked your school of nursing since it is an honor winning school and I accept that it would help me in the improvement of my cognizance of the essential standards of nursing. I comprehend that the program that the school presents is intended to meet the quickly developing prerequisite for skilled attendants in our nation. The school’s innovative offices, workforce just as other expert assets will likewise be priceless during my investigation. I have consistently had a specific enthusiasm for considering science and I have exceeded expectations in my evaluations. In addition, I am a liberal, persevering, dynamic, and agreeable person who has extraordinary relational and systems administration abilities. I am likewise superb in group playing and I have different characteristics, for example, thoughtfulness regarding subtleties, availability to learn, and the capacity to work with negligible management. These future important as I seek after my fantasy. In addition, I accept that seeking after the calling of a Licensed Practical Nurse would allow me the chance of improving these aptitudes, which would make me far better. Seeking after this calling will likewise bless me with remarkable help and preparing, far beyond allowing me the chance to communicate with the notorious nursing experts in your foundation. When I become a Licensed Practical Nurse, I intend to participate effectively in the advancement just as arrangement of social insurance administrations to the best of my ability. I am truly worried in people’s wellbeing, and I couldn't want anything more than to work in clinics, private homes settings, broadened care offices, nursing homes among different settings where there is have to serve mankind by improving their life

Happy Things

Happy Things This is what MIT felt like when I first arrived: Sunny, warm, people playing Frisbee on Kresge Oval. Spring seems to have arrived at last, though this isnt the first time this year weve had nice days on and off for awhile now. Ive learned not to trust Boston weather, itll probably snow tomorrow or something. At least we havent gotten any earthquakes though. I always miss all the good stuff in the Midwest last year while I was on exchange, like all of Illinois got multiple snow days! Dang. For now, though, its byooootiful. The kind of weather Id like to ride my bike in (not that any weather really stops me from riding my bike. Though Ive never tried in an earthquake) if my bike hadnt gotten stolen. Oh yeah, so you know those lists youve been writing compulsively about What To Bring To MIT Next Fall? If youre planning on having a bike, make sure to bring a good bike lock. Maybe four. I dont actually know if its been stolen I have a tendency toforget where I leave things. Like my MIT ID. Havent seen it since before CPW. Im going to assume my prefrosh didnt take it because she seemed pretty cool, and just hope I find it laying around my stuff sometime. Anyway, I dont know where I left my bike, but I havent seen it in any of the normal places I go, so I think it might have gotten stolen. This would be more sad if I werent getting my new bike for Bike and Build (which you havent donated to yet) soon. Weee, summer! Anyway, I know last weekend was supposed to be the weekend to end all weekends or something because it was CPW, but actually, this weekend is the one Ive been looking forward to all year. Besides having Monday AND Tuesday off, this weekend at MIT there are two really cool really cool things going on: 1. the Global Poverty Initiative Conference. Oh man, nothing gets me excited like poverty. I mean. Solving poverty. Yeah. So this conference lots of people at MIT this year have spent countless hours planning this thing its the first time ever that its happening. There are over 1,400 people (yeah, thats more than there were at CPW) from about 280 different schools and organizations. Theyve invited lots of really cool speakers like John Edwards, Paul Farmer (OMG), John Legend, the main singer from Dispatch, our own Amy Smith, Jeffrey Sachs (another OMG), Augustine Mahiga, and a load of other really inspiring people to speak (I mean, they MUST be cool, they all have wikipedia pages!), and theyre also holding Action workshops such as Starting Projects for Global Change and Overcoming Barriers in Project Delivery. Basically, its just a whole weekend of AWESOME. Im sooo excited. They also have a really cool website where you can see the program for the whole weekend. 2. APDA Nationals are being hosted here by the MIT Debate Team (http://web.mit.edu/debate/www/). I was really into speech team back in high school and I still really love seeing guys dress up and suits and ties and give persuasive speeches ;), and since I participated in a few tournaments first semester, Im helping out with generally making sure people dont get lost and stuff. Also, Ill be spending a lot of time at one of the coolest places ever, tEp, this weekend, partially because theyre having a party called Yeast Roast, which is exactly what is sounds like, and partially because I like going there whether theyre baking crazy amounts of bread or not. tEp is one of my favorite places ever but Ive been too busy lately to really go, so Im excited for that as well. And tonight (in about five minutes, in fact) Im going to dinner with DUSP, as kind of an informational-welcome to the department type thing, because I finally got to declare course 11 last week! EDIT: So on my way back home from eating dinner with DUSP I was so full that I decided to go to tep instead of going home, thinking Id spend a calm evening here catching up on blogging, email, etc. Then the fire alarm went off due to umcooking..Hah. So much for relaxing evening.

Write an Overview of the Health Insurance in United States - 825 Words

Write an Overview of the Health Insurance in United States (Coursework Sample) Content: Health InsuranceStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameCollege AffiliationHealth InsuranceIntroductionHealth insurance has always been a pertinent issue when it comes to policies that regard health. When people pool resources, it becomes easy to handle costly conditions such as cancer and various other surgical procedures. Over time, medical care costs have risen owing to the complexities of health problems. At the moment, the corporate world controls the production of many of the available medicines, and the governments use a lot of cash to procure them (Kotcher Adashi, 2011;Schoen, et al., 2011)). When people pool resources, it becomes easier to get the required medical care since all people cannot get sick at the same time. Various policies have been developed so that they can look into the medical costs and the ways in which insurance policies can be of help in managing individual medical bills. Problem StatementThe Affordable Care Act looks to offer affordable care to the gene ral masses but with it comes hidden costs that will be quite overwhelming to the general public. Problem Background. About a sixth of the US economy goes to health care. That in itself explains the place that health stands in the American government. People value it, Obama promised Obama care and so the many presidents that have taken reigns in the USA have all been coming up with their policies regarding health care. Expert opinion points to up to 800 billion being sent to redundant, wasteful and inefficient processes. The high medical care has brought punishment for families on the costs (Wilper, et al., 2009; Koh Sebelius, 2010). Over time, the Medicare cost has risen, and other areas have had to accept cuts in expenditure to see to continued healthily assured public. Rising health costs have seen fraying of the national safety net, long-term monetary insolvency, as well as, erosion of the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s global competitiveness. In the process, there are very issues that have arisen in health care meant to shoulder the increasing costs. The increases in the cost of health care have lead to increasing in premiums that people pay for their insurance cover. There has been an increase of the field of focus of the health insurance to other scopes that have not been covered over time. In the same way, new taxes and other fees, as well as, increasing the benefit requirements, as well as, increased cost of health services at an overall level lead to the increase in the premiums. However, the rates have a way in which they differ based on the people group on focus (aged, young, middle age, and expressed statistical predisposition to maladies). The government has come up with Affordable Care Act that has seen a lot of struggles between the republicans and the democrats (Koh Sebelius, 2010). The Act looks like a way out, but the provisions make it hard to trust completely a thing that has seen the Act go as far as Supreme Court as proponents try to prove its cred ibility. The Act seeks to create a framework where millions of people can access insurance policy. Also, the program seeks to establish a system where children can stay within their parents policy plans up to the age of twenty-six. One major provision is that where the Act implied policy provision at minimum cost. Disadvantages linked to the system are the costs, and coverage disruption for seniors, employers, as well as, market customers. The Affordable Care Act is meant to help people to get the care at a cost they can afford albeit for the first time. However, the expected will be a rise in cost for various people. The choice given in the management of health will have the healthy individuals who opt out failing to benefit, and also, in the process, the few that may be covered will have to pay a higher price when some people opt out (Foster, 2010). However, it cannot be forgotten that people will not be forced in any way, or seem forced to get the insurance. So, While people will manage to get a deal that covers more millions of Americans, and liberty to opt out, the people who get covered will have some people fail to get what they have always been trying to bargain for regarding cost. While making the burden bearable, other people who may have been middle-income earners get a bit unsettled since in reducing the cost for some people, at a point, someone has to carry the burden. Here, all people must bring their heads together to see that there is a reduction of costs of premi...

Criminal Justice - 1687 Words

Criminal Justice Abstract: According to one recent study, around 5% of the GDP goes on crime control. In spite of these measures, the crime in the last few years has increased. A number of studies have indicated that crime prevention can considerably cut down on offences as well as costs. High-tech crimes are a new kind of white-collar crimes that can be one single event or constant and usually involve the theft of information, resources, or funds. Organization is very important to any establishment, professional or otherwise. Organization is what keeps things running smoothly and proficiently, so that the main job, in this case law enforcement, can be accomplished without the added hassle and confusion that being unorganized always inevitably brings. Introduction: In the past few decades, the rate of crime and the costs to prevent it has skyrocketed. Government is spending huge amount of their money and resources on preventing, investigating and dealing with the consequences of these crimes on social and public life. According to one recent study, around 5% of the GDP goes on crime control. In spite of these measures, the crime in the last few years has increased. With crime persistently resisting so-called disciplinary efforts to fight it, curiosity among legal experts has progressively shifted to new methods of preventing criminality, rather than punishing it (Lunde 2004). A number of studies have indicated that crime prevention can considerably cut down onShow MoreRelatedCommunity Justice And Criminal Justice980 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity justice is a broad term that includes many aspects of involving the community. 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This case involved a Stanford student, Brock Turner, being charged with sexuallyRead MoreCriminal Justice1258 Words   |  6 Pagespunishment. 5. Solitary confinement is economical. The Quakers are the ones that actually formed these ideas, due to the fact they wanted more human treatment for criminals. I believe that the five principles were implemented due to the kind of treatment that the criminals were getting at that time period. â€Å"Until the late 1700s, criminals were put to death, shipped to other countries to become slaves, and were thrown to wild animals just so society could literally get rid of them.† (http://voicesRead MoreThe On The Criminal Justice System984 Words   |  4 PagesGarland (2001), view on â€Å"the criminal justice system in America was created to keep communities safe, to respect and restore victims, and to return offenders who leave prison to be self-sufficient and law-abiding. Treatment simply did not work either by therapy or broader social programs and became is a monumental failure that our states and nation can no longer afford† (p.61) Garland (2001) stated â€Å"that the collapse of faith in our correction system began a wave of demoralization that underminedRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System720 Words   |  3 Pagesrole in the courts, compared to the accused or offender (Booth, 2016). Victim-focused law reforms are open to many jurisdictions throughout Australia, and majority of systems which follow the adversarial nature of proceedings (Garkawe, 2007). The justice system aims to enforce a therapeutic structure, however, in some instances this fails to be upheld for the victim. In a sentencing hearing, an offender’s mitigating factors may reduce their sentence, therefore providing the offender with more rehabilitativeRead MoreCriminal Justice Majors1105 Words   |  5 PagesContrary to popular belief the life of a criminal justice major is not all about being a hardboiled cop or a living a black and white noir film, there is actually quite a bit of disciplinary literacy in the background. People looki ng forward to a career in criminal justice should be able to write up investigation reports, reports to be used in trials, and documents relating to various types of criminal offenders. For a bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice 120 credits including some general electiveRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System asRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the criminal justice system is explained by three definitions: Control crime, Prevent crime, and provide and maintain justice. This sense of criminal justice has been the same since pre-civilized communities, where the elders of a tribe enforced the laws of the vill age. The criminal justice system has changed drastically from the times of kinship systems to today’s system of laws. As time has passed criminal justice has change in many ways, for example: the way they dress, arrest,Read MoreCriminal Justice Essay598 Words   |  3 Pageslaws being put into the law books that help victims when violated, the courts are still not looking out for those individuals who have in fact be victimized. â€Å"Advocates for victims’ rights have long complained that they have been sidelined by a criminal justice system that is focused on the interplay between the state and the defendant†. (Boland amp; Butler, 2009)This statement alone dictates how the system actually works when it comes to the victim in court. Most individuals lose sight that thereRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1305 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout this course, I have learned about the many segments of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is made up of three main elements which process a case from initiation, through trial, to punishment. First a case starts with law enforcement officials, who investigate crime and gather evidence to identify and use against the assumed suspect. The case then proceeds to the court system, which evaluates the evidence to decide if the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the defendant

Children Of The Foster System - 816 Words

For years there have been an excessive number of children in and out of the foster system. Quite a few children have succeeded; however, other children have not. A few children have looked to drugs, alcohol and violence to cope with what they have gone through and/or what they are currently going through. A number of those children ended up in a juvenile detention center or prison for breaking the law. Foster parents are desperately needed to help these children succeed in life and make it through this terrible time. Although most children can make their own decisions and choose the right path, children’s lives can be changed by just one mistake of their parents’. The most common reason that children end up in the foster system is because of abuse and neglect. If a child ends up in the foster system they â€Å"are 95% more likely to be arrested as a juvenile, 28% more likely to be arrested as an adult, and 30% more likely to commit a violent crime† (â€Å"Foster Care Statistics†). It is not even the child’s fault that they ended up in the foster system and the percentage of them doing wrong has raised as a result of their parents decisions. All children in the foster system have a right to a chance of having a better life. According to mom.me, Harden wrote â€Å"children in foster care have a high incidence of mental disturbances than kids not in foster care† (â€Å"How Can Foster Care Affect The Mind Of A Child†). This explains why a few of the children lean towards negative people in theirShow MoreRelatedChildren Of The Foster Care System920 Words   |  4 Pagesonly place you have had to call home for 18 years. That’s how it is for a teenager in the foster care system. It doesn’t matter how good you thought your life was, good behavior, or love, for some turning 18 means freedom, cigarettes, army, voting e.tc however, for children in the system 18 means homeless, hungry and alone. Each year, an estimated 20,000 young people age out of the U.S. foster care system. Many are only 18 years old and still need support and services (. Several studies show thatRead MoreChildren Of The Foster Care System Essay1803 Words   |  8 Pagesin United States. Many, though, require the support for their mental health and depend on the government to support them. Children in the Foster care system are one of the many groups that do not receive the care they deserve. Maintaining good mental health is hard for any individual but children in the foster care system have an added burden. Children in the Foster care system have already gone through a traumatizing experience. The traumatizing experience at a time when still developing can haveRead MoreThe Development Of Children And The Foster Care System Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesResilience Youth who emancipate from the foster care system face disproportionately higher rates of homelessness, unemployment, lower educational levels, substance use, mental illness and other high-risk behaviors (Calvin, 2010). Foster youth are unintentionally damaged by the systems that are meant to care for them and that is why they require additional services, in order to be able to overcome the obstacles they might face when transitioning out of foster care and into independent living. TransitionalRead MoreChildren Aging Out Of The Foster Care System1615 Words   |  7 Pagesand left to survive in foster care for an undefined period of time. Think about lingering within the system for years and suddenly loosing any kind of aid at the age of eighteen. This is a reality for thousands of children in America’s foster care system. There are kids that are searching for a home and family -- and many of them never get one. These youths are all hoping and wishing for a permanent place to go back to. The number of children aging out of the foster care system annually is a seriousRead MoreThe Effects Of Foster Care And The Abuse Children And Teens Face While Moving Through The Broken System Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s a Leak in the System That Needs To Be Fixed It is past midnight when loud banging sounds wake you. Something is wrong. All of a sudden, you hear the door being kicked down as the wood splinters and the glass shatters. Before you know it, the police have rushed into your home like a swarm of bees and have taken your parents into custody. Adding to this already bleak situation, a social worker has arrived and places you and your siblings into DHS custody. Since you have no other relativesRead MoreProblems Within The Foster Care System1641 Words   |  7 PagesProblems within the Foster Care System The foster care system has been stretched too thin as the turn of the 21st century rolled around. Higher entrance into the system with new policies and lower staff has given way to a new problem-the highly abusive environment that surrounds the whole system. The mistreatment of the children and their foster families within in the system is now a prevalent issue in the Child Welfare Organization. The long-term effects of the abusive foster care system comes from theRead MoreEssay on The Truth behind The Foster System1347 Words   |  6 PagesChildren play a key component in lives today. Unfortunately many children do not have the ability of having a stable home or school to call their own, while parents are not in the picture as well. This is an issue that is ignored by society and most importantly the government; in some cases. Without the foster system, children would be left abandon and forgotten by all. The foster system provides thousands of homes for foster children each yea r, with parents that can give them what they need. TheRead MoreA Deeper Look Into Child Welfare Services1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are programs designed to protect children. There are foster care, group homes, and other services for children safety. The Child Protective Services in Alabama has the sole purpose of helping children in cases of neglect and abuse (Child Protective Services). These services include foster care programs where children who are at risk of harm from birth family, or who suffers from mental, emotional, or physical issues. These services provide care to all children who meet the state qualifications andRead MoreFoster Care Literature Review882 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Foster care is a growing epidemic in the United States. Youth who are involved in foster care are more likely to have contact with the criminal justice system, become addicts, and not be able to find employment. As a society we try to care for the child as best as we can. The average cost to help provide for a child is roughly $11,000 per year. The rate of a child being neglected in foster care is much higher than a child living with biological parents that’s being neglected. A childRead MoreNegative Effects Of Foster Care1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe foster care system in America negatively affects the lives of adolescents in the system mentally and physically. On any given day there are over 428,000 children in foster care and more than 20,000 kids age out of foster care with no permanent family; therefore, they are being left behind socially, educationally, mentally, and under developed for the real world. Foster care first started in the nineteen hundreds when Charles Loring Brace created the â€Å"Children’s Aid Society† in New York. Then

George Washington - 891 Words

The soldier’s time to serve would be up in just ten days, the British continued to win battles, all hope of winning the war was fading and everyone was ready to put down their weapons and surrender to Great Britain. However, George Washington was not settling with anything less than trying their best. He kept that little flicker of hope that was still left, alive. The Continental Congress did not see much hope in the war either and turned the responsibility of the war to General George Washington. Washington received a message from Congress saying, â€Å"Full power to direct all things relative†¦ to the operations of war.† (Dupuy 63-64). Although Washington did not see this as much of an honor he did what he could with his new power. In ten days†¦show more content†¦Ewing was supposed to cross with his group of about one thousand men down south while General Caldwalader was supposed to cross at Bristol with two thousand men, however they did not succeed in crossing. Luckily Washington succeeded and caught the Hessians by surprise. The battle did not last long and Washington and his men came out with a victory. They captured nine hundred eighteen Hessians and killed approximately one hundred while the Patriots only had 5 casualties (Murphy). The Battle of Trenton persuaded men to reenlist so Washington would still have an army in the new year. Washington planned on surprising the British in Princeton, but decided to wait considering Ewing and Caldwalader never made it across the river. A week later, on Janua ry 3, 1777 Washington recrossed the Delaware River with his troop into Princeton. The battle lasted less than an hour, but around one hundred British men were killed or wounded and they captured two hundred. The Americans only suffered forty casualties (Dupuy 83-84). These two wins boosted the patriot’s morale and helped Washington rise back to the top as a military commander (Murphy). These two victories also convinced America that the war was not over yet, there was still hope. Overall winning these battles created a spark of hope and a wave of electricity. There were many battles Washington led, butShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Founder of a New Nation There are few figures as large in American history as George Washington. His powerful leadership, determination, and endless patriotism was essential for winning the Revolutionary War, the creation of the United States Constitution, and the establishment of a new government. There are three defining events that happened to George during his life in colonial America. His proper childhood upbringing, his military leadership in the revolutionary war, and his electionRead MoreGeorge Washington2434 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Discipline is the soul of an army. It makes small numbers formidable; procures success to the weak, and esteem to all† George Washington. This quote was said by one of the most intelligent, ambitious military genius; George Washington. Washington used his mind in fighting war instead of just brute force. He turned the battlefield and the art of war into a chess match. Washington’s efforts in the Revolutionary War were very significant I that they ultimately help lead to the American victory in theRead More George Washington Essays897 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Washington - The Father of Our Country Why has George Washington earned the title Father of our Country? He was a great military leader and served as a general in the Revolutionary War. Washington was very involved in setting up the government of the United States and served as the first President. He is the most honored of any President and there are many things that help us remember him often. With all he has contributed to the success of our country, he certainly deserves this titleRead MoreGeorge Washington Paper1005 Words   |  5 PagesFast Facts on George Washington * Born: February 22, 1732 Pope’s Creek, Virginia * Children: no natural children (Adopted the children of Martha Custis) *Grandfather by marriage of Confederate General Robert E. Lee * Military Service: Commander General, Revolutionary War * Profession: Surveyor/Planter * Political Party: Federalist * Home State: Virginia * Political Offices: Chairman of Constitutional Convention * Died: December 14, 1799 (Age- 670 Last Words:Read More George Washington Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages George Washington George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He attended school for approximately eight years. Washington lived with his mother until the age of 16. At the age of 15, Washington took a job as an assistant land surveyor. In 1748, he began working in the Shanandoah Valley to help survey the land holdings of Lord Fairfax. By 1749, he established a good reputation as a land surveyor and was appointed Culpeper counties official land surveyor. WashingtonRead MoreEssay on George Washington628 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Washington George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 on Popes Creek Farm in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The family George was born into consisted of his father, Augustine Washington, his mother, Mary Washington, and five brothers and sisters: Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred. There were also three other older children from his fathers first marriage to Jane Butler, who died in 1729: thirteen year-old Lawrence, twelve year-old Augustine and nine year-oldRead MoreEssay george washington1077 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born in Westmoreland County, Va., on Feb. 22, 1732. George Washington of six children of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington. At the age of 16, he lived there and at other plantations along the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers, including the river later to be known as Mount Vernon. His education was simple, as surveying, mathematics, and quot;rules of civility.quot; After he lost his father in 1743 at the age of eleven. He was soon sent toRead More George Washington Essay691 Words   |  3 Pages George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the eldest of six children by Augustine Washington and his second wife Mary Ball. The majority of Washington’s education came from his father and after his death when George was 11 years of age in 1743, his elder half-brother Lawrence. Young Ge orge quickly learned the trade of surveying and at the age of 16 in 1748 he joined a surveying party sent out to the Shenandoah Valley by Lord Fairfax, a land baron. ForRead MoreEssay on George Washington1186 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Washington and the Revolution George Washington was a part of Gods plan for a new country. What he did influenced what America has become. He laid the foundation for presidents to come, and built this country on solid Christian principles. George Washington was born February 22, 1732. His family lived on a few farms on the Potomac River. George was a strong boy. He could ride a horse and shoot a gun by age 10. When George was ten his older brother Lawrence came homeRead MoreThe Legacy Of George Washington Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesThe revered and respected first president, George Washington, gave the US hope during one of its most difficult times. Using the events and circumstances of his life to learn and advance his position, he grew from humble beginnings into a legend. George Washington had a valuable, well-rounded education from ages seven to fifteen, studying all the subjects (Nevins and Graff). Due to his father’s death, George grew up under the supervision of his half-brother Lawrence at Mount Vernon, learning many

The practices in managing cultures have changed in the...

In this essay about managing culture in the post-bureaucratic era, I am going to argue how the practices of managing culture have changed in this era and how they differentiate oneself from the bureaucratic era. Furthermore I describe the cultural influences especially in organizations and how the importance of those influences changed over the time. In the first section I am going to explain the content of managing organization culture to get a first insight in the topic and to express the knowledge about the influences of the culture in an organization. In the next chapter I separate between two perspectives of the cultural organizations and explain which of the both are relevant for the assignment question. The next step of my†¦show more content†¦It can be described as a part of an organization or as the organization itself. The first perspective describes the culture as leading the organization to the most positive effectiveness through a good management. On the other h and the second point of view describes the culture as the social interactions of people in an organization (Meek 1988, cited in Knight Willmott 2007). After demonstrating the explanation of culture it is important to explain how the practices of the mainstream and the critical perspective of the organizational culture have changed from the bureaucratic era to the post-bureaucratic era. The bureaucratic era has been the traditional form of organization for more than a century, in simple terms described as hybridity, standardized operations and none flexibility inside the organization. The change to the post-bureaucratic is shown through personal influence, high trust relationships and the importance of the individuality of everyone (McKenna, Garcia-Lorenzo Bridgeman, 2010). According to Kernaghan (2000) the characteristic of the bureaucratic era is â€Å"position power† and of the post bureaucratic â€Å"participate leadership†. With this statement it can be said, that the practices of managing cultures also have changed in this era and that the importance of cultural influences on the organizations are higher than before. Important toShow MoreRelatedThe Practices Of Managing Culture Since The Post Bureaucratic Era1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe practices in managing culture have changed in the post-bureaucratic era. In this essay, I intend to argue that from a time of structured bureaucracy to an aeon of flexibility and the stripping down of hierarchical order, the principles in managing culture have evolved. Nevertheless, as practices have changed, the results are analogous in that culture is developed in order to control an organisation. Organisation culture is the deep, normal assumptions, beliefs, and shared values that delineateRead MoreBureaucratic Leadership Vs. Post Bureaucracy1171 Words   |  5 PagesBureaucratic leadership in the last century dominated and then downturned, but it’s not meaning that has been removed completely at the ends of the last century. It’s continual to develop further to become the post-bureaucratic practices in leadership (Clegg and Courpasson, 2004). These practices are hybridization, which is refurbished by bureaucracy. They are also the mixture of Weberian ideal-type with principles of democratic leadership (Clegg and Courpasson, 2004). In th is essay, I’ll begin withRead Moreâ€Å"Organisations Need Strong Culture†. Consider This Statement in Relation to How We Understand and Make Sense of Culture in the Post-Bureaucratic Era.1602 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Organisations need strong culture†. Consider this statement in relation to how we understand and make sense of culture in the post-bureaucratic era. I will outline why a strong culture is required for organisations in a post-bureaucratic era. Culture â€Å"represents the totality of everyday knowledge that people use habitually to make sense of the world around them through patterns of shared meanings and understandings passed down through language, symbols, and artefacts† (Clegg 3rd EditionRead MoreManagement Of Globalization During The Post Bureaucratic Era1497 Words   |  6 Pageshow practices of managing culture have been used to develop the management of Globalization in the post-bureaucratic era. Globalization has led to the increasing number of global business relationships, the emergence of new global work structures and work environments. To address this I will discuss Cultural globalization, the practices of Frederick Taylor (Carol Carlson Dean, (1997)) that have led to the social dominance, as corporations around the world have started to adopt these practices toRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Th e Bureaucratic Era1222 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess and practice of managing and advising executives on staff recruitment, selection, retention and development (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis 2011). In the post-bureaucratic era, these management styles have altered to cater towards satisfying employees through intrinsic rewards by providing pride, relationships, meaning and a sense of accomplishment through their work (Clegg, Josserand Teo 2006). Throughout this essay, the evolution of human resource management from the bureaucratic era’s ‘hardRead MoreThe Relationship Between Leadership Practices And Communication1780 Words   |  8 PagesPRACTICES IN (LEADERSHIP) CONTRIBUTE TO MANAGING (COMMUNICATION) IN THE POST BUREAUCRATIC-ERA Communication is vital for human connection. As leadership practices in the post bureaucratic era, have changed from a notion of command and control (hard power) to an environment of empowerment and trust relationships between employees and their leaders (soft power), more transmission of messages take place due to these practices such as engaging in discussions, feedback, decision-making and team buildingRead MorePractices of Leadership Contribute to Managing Communication in the Post Bureaucratic Era1415 Words   |  6 Pages In this essay, I am going to discuss how practices of leadership contribute to managing communication in the post bureaucratic era. This essay shall discuss the effectiveness of leadership approaches in the post bureaucratic era in managing communication in organizations. In section 1, I shall discuss leadership in terms of communication by drawing upon the article by Barry B. (2007). In addition, I shall also discuss the use of communication in running an organization in a leader’s desired wayRead MoreManaging Change in Organisations Essay4889 Words   |  20 PagesEdexcel Level 7 ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY : UNIT No: 2 UNIT NAME: Managing Change in Organisations ASSESSMENT NO: 1 OF 1 FOR THIS UNIT Full Name: RAHUL DESHMUKH 4 Intake: October’ 2008 Date issued: ____________ Date due: February 13, 2009 Date submitted: June 01, 2009 Assessor(s):_______________________________________ Learning Outcomes: 1, 2, 3 Unit outcomes Outcome Evidence for the criteria Feedback Assessor’s decision Internal Verification 1 Explore the backgroundRead MoreEssay about Managing People4361 Words   |  18 PagesManaging People The history of managing people has reflected prevailing beliefs and attitudes held in society about employees, the response of employers to public policy (for example, health and safety and employment legislation) and reactions to trade union growth. In the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, the extraordinary codes of discipline and fines imposed by factory owners were, in part, a response to the serious problem of imposing standards of disciplineRead MoreHow Has the World of Work Changed in Post-Fordism Era3142 Words   |  13 Pageslike which influences the business world in many ways. The Post-Fordism era in broaden sense is generic description of Capitalism period which mainly is characterised by flexible production of non-standardized, better-quality goods embracing adaptability of production processes in harmony with the unpredictable nature of markets to meet customers’ satisfaction. The changes made in notion of improving the way things were done consequently changed organizations’ systems and how people are managed inorder

Cricket Free Essays

Cricket is a sports game which is being played in between two teams. The real origin was South-East-England in the 16th century. The central organization of the game is International Cricket Council having almost 100 affiliates from all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Cricket or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this subject, we will talk about some of the most fascinating facts about the cricket that you may be familiar with. 13 Most Interesting Facts about Cricket Game? South Africa cricket team nicknamed as Proteas (National Flower of South Africa). An Interesting fact about them that they played world cup final four times but badly failed to succeed. Cricket was started in the 16th century from South East England. England cricket players are the cricket originator but not able to achieve a single world Cup Trophy So far. Sir Don Bradman was the youngest player to score a triple century in the Test Cricket series. Sir Don Bradman (27, August 1908) was Australian cricket team Player mentioned as â€Å"The Don† of the Cricket. Another interesting fact about Don Bradman he smashed only six sixes in his whole career. The cricket history will always recognize him as all-time favorite sportsmen. Indian Cricket team is the only team who had played and won World Cup match of 60, 50 and 40 over in that order. It is significant to let you know that from 1971 to 1983 all the ODI matches were in the sequence of 60 overs Kapil Dev is the only Indian Cricket player, who never had a single no ball in his entire career of Cricket. Kapil Dev a very famous former Indian cricket player. He won the Cricket World Cup of 1983. He also remained the coach of Indian Cricket Team for one year. He is the Indian cricket player, who took highest wickets In the Cricket game, 111 Score reflects Nelson in the Cricket; It means the tragic position (a batsman without the bails that is no more in the game). Nelson signifies the Admiral Nelson the flagman of the British Army, who had only one eye, one leg, and one arm at the end time of his existence. So 111 supposed to be unlucky Cyrus Gayle is the only player, who smashed the first sixes on the first ball of a test match. Christopher Henry Gayle (born 21 September 1979). He is the only player who was honored to make two triples centuries in test series. (317 Against South Africa in 2005 and score 333 Against Sri Lanka 2010) Vinod Kambli’s test match average is better than his childhood fellow Sachin Tendulkar. Vindo Kambli is the former Indian first-class cricket player. He was the middle order batsman in Cricket team. Another interesting fact is that he is the only player, who made a century on his birth date Saourve Ganguli and Rohit Sharma are the two best players of Indian Cricket. They had smashed century in knock Out World Cup. The only Cricket rule of the Cricket that has never changed since the game is started i.e. pitch length (22 yards / 20.12 m long and 3.05m wide) Peter Siddle is the only player, who recorded a hat-trick on his birth date. Peter Siddle is the cricket player from Australian cricket team. 25th November 2010 on his 26th birthday he did his hat-trick By considering balls bowled. World’s shortest cricket test match was being played among West Indies and England. That was of only 10 balls at North Sound Ground on 13th Feb 2009. The match had drawn. The very world’s first Cricket World Cup was being organized for women’s in 1973 and thus, the men’s World Cup was being organized in 1975 A very interesting fact that most of the people think that cricket rules were made by the ICC. But in actual, cricket rules were made by the Mel burn Cricket Club MCC How to cite Cricket, Papers

Review On System Analysis Design

Questions: Data Flow Diagram Context Diagram and Level 0 Diagram 1.Draw a context diagram and a level-0 DFD for it?2.Draw a use case diagram by using the Level-0 DFD that you provided in Task 1? Domain Model Class Diagram 3.Develop a domain model class diagram for the system based on the project case study? Activity Diagram 4. Develop an activity diagram for the scenario? System Sequence Diagram 5. Using the Activity Diagram above, produce a system sequence diagram, i.e. only include two swimlanes one for the actor (PSSM employee) and the other for the entire system as a system class object? Answers: 1. Data Flow Diagram Level 0 Diagram and Context Diagram Context Level Diagram: The context level diagram demonstrates that entire operational process for Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM). The design context diagram allows the CEO or the member of the staffing agency in taking order from the clients and process the order into database. If the database accept the order of the clients then it request to pay to clients for the professionals or technical staffs. After putting information and payment by clients, an entire detail goes to the financial department of the company. In this context diagram, the process is represented by the oval circle. External entity for the business of PSSM can be the actor. They are able to receive the process as well as trigger the process. In the business process of Professional and Scientific Staff Management, there were two external entities. Following to round rectangular shape represented the external entity of PSSM Flow of Data was represented by the front arrow keys that connect the main process with the sub process. Data Flow Diagram: Above level 0 diagrams demonstrates that client can input their criteria into the automated information system. After getting the input from clients enquiry handling department schedule the criteria clients. However, this automatic system allows to take appointment from respected staffs or employees or professional that record stored in the record information database (Dennis et al. 2012). After taking the information about employees, enquiry handling department makes the evaluation of input method. Apart from that, the system is designed with the sequential communication and it creates a time lag in order to process the system seriously. The symptoms of design system automatically checked time to time (regular intervals). However, the forms that placed in left is originated as a automatic triggers and the entire process can get overlooked during the time of absence of people or when the people busy. The record information systems are very string and it is not affected by the feedbac k of clients or the process manager such as accounts department, enquiry handling department, etc. Moreover, the controls system of design data flow diagram supposed to generate result when it was executed (Kordon, 2013). The designed data flow diagram for Professional and Scientific Staff Management staffing agency is developed with too much form filling trays. It helps in minimizing error and the scope for future success. Apart from that use of too much form filling trays reduce confusion for users. However, the designed data flow diagram makes a very easy system to use and the foundation of design data flow diagram of Professional and Scientific Staffs Management produce the information and stored it into the database (Zhang et al. 2012). Thus it manages the entire information system process for Professional and Scientific Staffs Management. Use trays and system helps in generating automatic result in different ways as well as in different stages of processing. Apart from that, the designed diagram works in different locations based on geographic area. Designed DFD possibly derives the report of transaction and keep the record of transaction details in database. Furthermore, above mentioned DFD prevent the duplications of data or transaction details in database (Sandborn, 2013). The above DFD allows the member of enquiry department to advertise the potential employees of technical staffs to their clients. This recommendation with detail description helps in motivating customer and increased the satisfactory level. The functions of receptionists in this automated system help in active performance by the receptionist of PSSM. They provide the information to clients about available staffs in their agency and recommended for undertaking the appropriate employees by analysing the clients business activity (Berk, 2009). The designed DFD or automated system explains the entire operational process of Professional and Scientific Staff Management. 2. Use Case Diagram The aim of this use case diagram is to include the clients for selection of employees automatically based on their matching criteria and employees qualification. The design use case diagram demonstrates the detail description via different layers. The design use case diagram never repeats the scenario. The use case diagram allows the clients in subscribing their reviews because clients or customers of Professional and Scientific Staff Management staffing agency company has wide range of clients based on different locations. When clients subscribe their reviews the tracking system handling information and provide options to select the location to client (Sarma, 2012). Based on location, the payment options are also different. Therefore, the case diagram allows clients in understanding payment details in the designed system. Apart from that, clients can order for required employees and get opportunity for selecting the employees or technician that required for their business based on m atching criteria as well as qualification. 3. Domain Model Class Diagram The designed domain model class diagram explains that clients placed their order via the automatic system of PSSM. This diagram demonstrates that client have wide range of choice before purchasing a employees for short time project or technician for making a solution of their IT system. The use class diagram helps the company in generating unique ID for each payment as well as each order (Park and Rim, 2012). The system generate ID or complete the order process after getting information with detail description from the account department of professional and Scientific Staff Management. As soon as, details of payment get, payment department confirm the booking of technical staffs or employees for short term project. In the placed order box, clients can view the purchased order with detail description. In the order status box, customer can get the information about placed order such as shipment, delivery, handed to clients, etc (Qu, 2012). Apart from that the designed system facilitate s the company in linking the line services with the order specification of client. It indicates that, the receptionists of PSSM provide detail description to the higher authority of the company and engage or booked technical staffs or employees according to requirement of client. 4. Activity Diagram This activity diagram displays client order for the employees or technical staffs based on their requirement. However, if the selecting employees not available on that occasion one message display that selecting employee is not available at that moment (Choi et al. 2011). Moreover, client can shows the price of employees for contract basis into the display board and after selection of employees one form appears for input the payment details. After putting the payment details it shows waiting message due to verification of payment methods. If the payment price does not match with the selected employees price, it shows that payment amount does not match with the employees price. The design automatic system display to client the dispense amount and dispense staffs. 5. System Sequence Diagram This system sequence diagram allows the actors of PSSM to check the credit for purchased or booked employees for short term project or technician for resolving technical issues. The employees of PSSM can generate information from the stock inventory of design class objective about the engagement with other companies for project. Apart from that, CEO or the other member of Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) can get information from stock inventory about details operational process. Reference List Books Berk, J. (2009). Systems failure analysis. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. Dennis, A, Wixom, D, Tegarden, D (2012), Systems analysis design, UML version 2.0: an object oriented approach, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Kordon, F. (2013). Embedded systems. London: ISTE. Sandborn, P. (2013). Cost analysis of electronic systems. Singapore: World Scientific. Journals Choi, S., Park, S. and Subramaniyam, M. (2011). Analysis of processing time between distributed geometric modeling systems. Computer-Aided Design, 43(2), pp.115-121. Kim, J., Lee, Y., Song, I. and Yoon, S. (2011). Analysis of Intersymbol Interference due to Overlap m Overlap-Based DM-BPSK CSS Systems. The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society, 36(2C), pp.99-104. Park, Y. and Rim, M. (2012). Factors Analysis Affecting Success of RFID Implementation The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society, 37(2C), pp.157-167. Qu, M. (2012). Cytological Analysis of the Effect of Gametocidal Chromosome 2C on ChineseSpring- E. elongatum 7E Disomic Addition. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 12, pp.1225-1230. Sarma, R. (2012). Design and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Adders for High Speed Arithmetic Circuit. International Journal of VLSI Design Communication Systems, 3(3), pp.21-32. Zhang, B., Jia, Z., He, L., Wang, G. and Peng, G. (2012). Characterization of the protein phosphatase 2c gene from Porphyra yezoensis and functional analysis under dessicating conditionsa. Botanica Marina, 55(4). Pp. 52-89

We the Kings - We the Kings free essay sample

We the Kings, a power-pop alternative band from Bradenton, Florida, created a name for themselves and a spot on the Billboard charts after releasing their self-titled album, â€Å"We the Kings.† The album contains a wide variety of songs, from the slow ballad â€Å"This Is Our Town† to the catchy, high-energy â€Å"Check Yes Juliet (Run Baby Run).† The astounding vocals by lead singer Travis Clark and instrumentals by Danny Duncan (drums) and brothers Hunter and Drew Thomsen (guitar and bass, respectively) are sure to please. Lyrics from all the songs are extremely powerful, and listeners will be hooked with the introductory beats of the first track. The mix of instrumentals and vocals is perfect and could only be executed by an incredibly talented group of performers like We the Kings. One example of We the Kings mastery is â€Å"Skyway  ­Avenue.† The song begins by greeting listeners with twangy acoustic guitar chords and then bursts into electric pop background music. We will write a custom essay sample on We the Kings We the Kings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is immediately softened by magnificent vocals. The song balances a fast-paced beat with meaningful and heartfelt lyrics. The entire album is extremely well-produced and well-sung. The perfect harmony that We the Kings creates represents the work of a remarkable band. â€Å"We the Kings† is one album thats worth your time.

Is Your Sample Essay for College Applying College Application?

Is Your Sample Essay for College Applying College Application?A number of individuals are graduating high school this year and getting ready to enter into the world of higher education. Whether they have a degree or not, some are going to attend a four-year college and some will be continuing their schooling in a two-year institution.While the world may change over the next few years, for a high school senior, he or she will still hold the same amount of importance as they did in the past. For this reason, preparing a sample essay for a potential college admission exam will still make sense. As a matter of fact, it may be one of the most important things to consider.The first step is to formulate a discussion that is relevant to the prospective college application. This is especially true for those who are considering a science or math major. For example, if you have already been a biology major, but are considering a career in medical research, you should clearly outline what you ha ve learned in your biology class.Also, if you are applying to two-year colleges, you should include information on the two subjects that you are interested in attending. Theoretically, if you went to a two-year institute as a biology major, then you may want to provide information related to a biochemistry major. In short, prepare a sample essay that is relevant to the college application.Once you have formulated a topic and the subjects of interest, you may want to consider the opportunity to add additional topics or information. Whether your intention is to write a specific number of pages or have it be an entire composition, the content and length of your sample essay will be based on the topic and whether it meets the requirements. The student will also know the material is relevant and has some validity.The amount of information that is included will vary based on whether it is for an essay or an online document. You may choose to include information about your high school year s or other important events in your life. Depending on the situation, writing a quality document will provide a clearer picture of you as a person, and will help you get through any college application.Any high school senior contemplating going to college should consider writing a sample essay. Whether they have a job lined up or need to take an entrance exam, there are many ways to prepare for a college entrance exam. As a matter of fact, a good college admission essay should provide a good foundation for all future college applications.

Ethics in IT

Confusing Spanish Words and How To Use Them Correctly

Confusing Spanish Words and How To Use Them Correctly Partly because Spanish and English have so many similarities, its tempting to think youll seldom find Spanish vocabulary confusing. But in fact, there are plenty of words that trip up Spanish students repeatedly. And they arent all false friends, words similar to their English counterparts that dont mean the same thing. Some are homophones (two or more different words that sound alike), some are words that are closely similar, and some can be blamed on the rules of grammar. If you want to avoid embarrassment or unnecessary confusion, here are some top candidates for words to learn: Ano vs. Aà ±o Ano and aà ±o dont sound alike. But those who dont know how to type an à ± (or are lazy) are often tempted to use an n instead in aà ±o, the word for year. Dont succumb to the temptation: Ano comes from the same Latin root as the English word anus and has the same meaning. Cabello vs. Caballo English speakers tend to be imprecise in their pronunciations, partly because some sounds, such as the ai in fountain, can be represented in writing by any vowel. But Spanish speakers, although they tend to pronounce consonants softly, are usually distinct with their vowels. So words such as cabello (hair, but collectively rather than as a single hair) and caballo (horse) arent thought of as sounding much alike. Caro vs. Carro Its easy for foreigners to mix up the r and rr - the former is usually a  flap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, while the latter is a trill. Usually, reversing the sounds wont cause misunderstanding. But the difference between caro and carro is the difference between something expensive and a car, respectively. And, yes, you can have a carro caro. Cazar vs. Casar While there may be some who have gone hunting for a spouse, cazar (to hunt) and casar (to marry) arent related to each other even though they sound alike in Latin America. Cocer vs. Coser Another pair of verbs that sound alike in Latin America are cocer (to cook) and coser (to sew). Although they can both be homemaking tasks, they arent related. Dà ­a Although there are dozens of words ending in -a that break the main gender rule and so are masculine, dà ­a (day) is the most common. Embarazada If youre embarrassed and female, avoid the temptation to say youre embarazada, as the meaning of that adjective is pregnant. The most common adjective of embarrassment is avergonzado. Interestingly, embarazada (or the masculine form, embarazado) has been so often used as a mistranslation of embarrassed that that definition has been added to some dictionaries. Éxito Éxito is a word youll come across frequently- but it nothing to do with an exit. Its the best translation for success and can be used in many contexts. For example, a hit song or movie can be called an à ©xito. An exit is a salida. Gringo If someone calls you a gringo (feminine gringa), you might take it as an insult- or you might take it as a term of affection or as a neutral description. It all depends on where you are and the context. As a noun, gringo most often refers to a foreigner, especially someone who speaks English. But at times it can refer to any non-Spanish speaker, a British person, a resident of the United States, a Russian, someone with blond hair, and/or someone with white skin. Inhabitable In a sense, the Spanish inhabitable and the English inhabitable are the same word- both are spelled alike, and they come from a Latin word habitabilus, which meant suitable for habitation. But they have opposite meanings. In other words, the Spanish inhabitable means uninhabitable or not inhabitable. Yes, thats confusing. But its confusing only because English is confusing- habitable and inhabitable mean the same thing, and for the same reason flammable and imflammable have the same meaning. The situation came about because Latin had two prefixes spelled in-, one meaning inside and the other meaning not. You can see these meanings in words such as incarcerate (incarcerar) and incredible (increà ­ble), respectively. So with inhabitable the prefix in English has the inside meaning, and the identically spelled prefix in Spanish has the not meaning. Interestingly, once upon a time the English inhabitable meant not habitable. Its meaning shifted a few hundred years ago. Ir and Ser in the Preterite Tense Two of the most highly irregular verbs in Spanish are ir (to go) and ser (to be). Although the two verbs have different origins, they share the same preterite conjugation: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. If you see one of those forms, the only way to know whether it comes from ir or ser is by context. Lima and Limà ³n You may have been taught that limà ³n is the word for lime and lima is the word for lemon- the opposite of what you might expect. While that is true for some Spanish speakers, the truth is that, depending on where you are, either Spanish term at times is used for  either fruit. And in some areas, limas and limones are seen as two similar fruits, both of which may be called lemons in English. In some places, limes arent commonly eaten (theyre native to Asia), so theres no universally understood word for them. In any case, this is one word that you are likely to have to ask the locals about. Mano Mano (hand) is the most common feminine noun that ends in -o. In fact, it is only such word in everyday use if you exclude occupational names (such as el piloto or la piloto for pilot), proper nouns, and a few shortened words such as la disco (short for la discoteca) and la foto (short for la fotografà ­a). Two other feminine nouns ending in -o are seo (cathedral) and nao (ship), but they get almost no use. Marida Most nouns ending in -o that refer to people refer to men, and the ending can be changed to -a to refer to women. So, of course, it makes sense that esposo, a common word for husband, has the feminine form esposa, meaning wife. It would be just as logical to assume that another word for husband, marido, would have corresponding term, marida, for wife. But, at least in standard Spanish, there is no noun marida. In fact, the usual phrase for husband and wife is marido y mujer, with mujer also being the word for woman. Although there may be some limited colloquial use for marida in some areas, its most common use is by foreigners who dont know better. Molestar and Violar To molest someone is a serious offense, but to molestar someone is merely to bother that person (although the phrase molestar sexualmente can have a meaning similar to the English word). An similar situation occurs with violar and violate, but in the other direction. Violar and violacià ³n typically refer to rape, although they can have a less severe meaning. In English violate and violation usually have a mild meaning, although they can refer to rape. In both languages, context makes all the difference. Papas and a Pap Spanish has four types of papa, although only the first two below are widely used. The first papa comes from Latin, while the others come from indigenous languages: A pope (the head of the Roman Catholic Church). The word normally shouldnt be capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence.In most of Latin America, a potato, which can also be a patata.In Mexico, a type of baby food or bland soup.In Honduras, a foolish woman. Also, pap is an informal word for father, sometimes the equivalent of daddy. Unlike the other papas, its stress or accent is on the second syllable. Por vs. Para There are perhaps no prepositions more confounding for Spanish students than por and para, both of which are frequently translated to English as for. See the lesson on por vs. para for full explanation, but the way-too-short version is that por is typically used to indicate the cause of something while para is used to indicate a purpose. Preguntar vs. Pedir Both preguntar and pedir are usually translated as to ask, but they dont mean the same thing. Preguntar refers to asking a question, while pedir is used in making a request. But dont feel bad if you get them mixed up: Spanish speakers learning English often get mixed up with question and doubt as nouns, saying I have a doubt rather than I have a question. Thats because the noun duda has both meanings. Sentar vs. Sentir In the infinitive form, sentar (to sit) and sentir (to feel) are easy to tell apart. The confusion comes when theyre conjugated. Most notably, siento can mean either I sit or I feel. Also, the subjunctive forms of one verb are often the indicative forms of the other. So when you come across verb forms such as sienta and sentamos, youll have to pay attention to the context to know which verb is being conjugated.

Book Analysis The End of Blackness by Debra. J Dickson Essay

Book Analysis The End of Blackness by Debra. J Dickson - Essay Example (Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe, 2004) The notion of "blackness" has to be refurbished if black Americans are to countenance the future with confidence. For too long, the writer argues, blacks have tried to mangle shame and get endorsement from whites, when they ought to be striving for black excellence despite of white opinion. If you think you know what comes after that a request for blacks to drag themselves up by their boot-straps and totally join in mainstream American society - you're right, fairly. Even though Debra Dickson gives emphasis to black accountability and intra-community black fortify, her endeavor is not to disembowel fellow blacks for their supposed failings. Nor does she allow whites off the hook. Their racism against blacks, she assert, "has been defined out of existence and repackaged so that whites retain its perks. It has undergone existential plastic surgery." Therefore, she concludes, "many whites believe that nonwhites have no right to criticize them since whites are superior and alone respons ible for the success of America." (Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe, 2004) For more or less anyone recognized with any kind of political ideology, Dickerson's analysis is a sour pill to swallow. Sorry to say, the book tops out at just that.

Starbucks Coffee Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Starbucks Coffee Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example From the discission it it clear that the company aspires to provide an extraordinary service. The company has used several strategies, including increasing the size of its workforce so that it can increase the speed of serving its clientele. Although many view, the focus on the quality of service delivery may ruin the business because the company may end up producing low-quality products. However, this is a shallow analysis of the operations underlying service orientation. This is because, apart from focusing on methods of how to present the service better to the clientele, the concept includes ways of making a satisfactory product. In essence, the service-oriented operations at Starbucks equate the operations and components of a working marketing strategy. The following is Starbucks Coffee marketing plan.As the study stresses the main target market for Starbucks is people of all genders aged between 18-40 years. The fact that Starbucks products are relatively expensive means that mo st of its clientele are people of medium to upper class although the company has tried to bring down its prices. Starbucks Coffee is a brand that is synonymous with higher status social groups. This was the focus of the company for many years. This implies that the company targeted the young people who cared about their image and status. Although this supposition is still present when one utters the name of Starbucks, the company marketing strategy is changing. These are the main target markets for Starbucks Coffee.

Principle Of Operation Of Switched Reluctance Motor Engineering Essay

Principle Of Operation Of Switched Reluctance Motor Engineering Essay 1. INTRODUCTION: From those days the variable reluctance motors had played a vital role in electrical field. These motors are very attractive because they have replaced conventional ac and dc drives in many industrial applications all over the world. Apart from the working they have many advantages such as simple and low cost construction. Since the variable reluctance motor has a high torque with the inertia ratio normal when compared with other motors. Eventually the single head salient synchronous reluctance motors have some advantages which are similar to variable reluctance motor. The cost and performance of the machine is highly dependent on the converter topology. The converter for the machine drive should be very fast accurate current control for better drive performance. In addition to these requirements the machine should produce low volt ampere rating for low cost, should be more reliable and robust with small number of switches producing high efficiency at last. In addition to this all of these converters have greater switching loss and stress because the converters are all operated with hard switching. Now a days soft switching is also implemented for these types of machines. The above mentioned goals can be achieved either by improving the machine design or innovation in the inverter configuration. I hope that my designing deals with the application of a particular type of inverter for the variable reluctance motor drive. 2. VARIABLE RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVES: 2.1 CONSTRUCTION: The basic construction of switched reluctance motor is shown in the figure. The construction includes both stator and rotor. It has six pole rotor and eight pole stator in it. The conventional variable reluctance motor that is nothing but the switched reluctance machine has a doubly salient laminated structure which is very simple and robust. The rotor does not contained any windings or conductors within it. 2.2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR: To start with the switched reluctance motor, the torque production in the machine is explained with the help of principle of electromechanical energy produced in the coil of the machine. As the rotor rotates, the inductance of the phase windings of a machine varies between the inductance values with respect to the rotor angle. Due to the highly nonlinear magnetic behaviour of the variable reluctance motor, the phase inductance is dependent on the current level as well as with the rotor position. There is also a speed dependent back emf that becomes very large below and above the base speed and dominates the behaviour of the drive. Although the machine has a simple structure, the behaviour of its electromagnetic is obviously convivial. The electrical input energy is given by expression which is displayed as follows; However, the linear inductance of switched reluctance motor model along with back emf. And also the back emf is proportional to the machine speed which is very helpful in exploring the behaviour of this type of drive .The diagram of solenoid coil and the characteristics of the machine is shown as below; For low-speed operating mode, the back emf can be ignored in such a way that these can be compared with the dc bus voltage, and the machine can be assumed as current fed driving machine. Current fed operation is obtained by means of a current regulated pulse width modulation technique. With a proper controller and converter, the phase current should be designed to be close to a square waveform in order to minimize torque pulsations. The back emf increases for the medium speed range machine . To compensate the loss, phase is excited already in designing of the waveform .The machine runs at speed below and above the base speed. Here the back emf is compared and also the emf is even larger than the supply voltage than that of the phase current. Thus the phase current becomes impossible without very large advanced techniques. The phase winding should now be excited before , whereas its inductance value is small in order to develop the sufficient current for a challenging torque. During this mode of operation the phase winding is fed with the voltage and hence the technique is called pulse dropping mode. Even at any suitable power electronic converter or the controller, this type of drive system must maintain the capability of the design for the current pulses to maintain the values of variable reluctance motor accurately. The above mentioned waveforms are executed by simulation method with the help of the mat lab software. The mat lab code for the above mentioned waveform is as follows; 3.MATLAB SIMULATION: 3.1 CODING 1: w=1; k=zeros; d=0; z=zeros; i=0; t=0; e=0.000001; % is the increment of time while (t if t while i z(w)=t; % to store the time values k(w)=i; % to store the current values d=(1/0.1)*(100-(10*i))*e; % is the increment of current i=i+d; % to increase the current t=t+e; % to increase the time w=w+1; % to increase the index of the current and time arrays end while i>=6.5 while i>=6 % to limit the current to a minimum of 6 z(w)=t; k(w)=i; d=(1/0.1)*(-(10*i))*e; i=i+d; t=t+e; w=w+1 ; end end end if t>0.03 z(w)=t; k(w)=i; d=(1/0.1)*(-100-(10*i))*e; i=i+d; t=t+e; w=w+1 ; end if t>=0.0353 break end end plot(z,k,r-,LineWidth,2,Color,black) OBTAINED WAVEFORM: 3.2 CODING 2: v=[]; % an array to store the value of voltages p=[]; % an array to store the value of time c=[]; % an array to store the value of the currents R=1; % resistance value L=0.001; % inductane value fs=1000000; % sampling frequency f1=1000; % switching frequency of the 1st switch f2=142.857; % switching frequency of the 2nd switch d=0.5; % duty cycle t_on=d*(1/f1); % t ON for the 1st switch di=0; n=0; x=0; i=0; t=0; t2=(1/f2); while t while (t n=n+1; v(n)=50; di=(1/L)*(v(n)-(R*i))*(1/fs); i=i+di; c(n)=i; p(n)=t; t=t+(1/fs); end x=x+(1/f1); if (t while t n=n+1; v(n)=0; di=(1/L)*(v(n)-(R*i))*(1/fs); i=i+di; c(n)=i; p(n)=t; t=t+(1/fs); end end end while t>=(0.5*t2) % the second half cycle of the second switch n=n+1; v(n)=-50; di=(1/L)*(v(n)-(R*i))*(1/fs); i=i+di; c(n)=i; p(n)=t; t=t+(1/fs); if c(n) break end end plot(p,v), axis ([0 0.005 -50 55]) hold on; plot(p,c) hold off; Xlabel (Time) Ylabel (Current / Voltage) OBTAINED WAVEFORM: 4.CLASSIFICATION OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR: 5.MODELING AND CONTROL STRATEGIES OF A VARIABLE RELUCTANCE MOTOR: The above block diagram represents the modelling of the variable reluctance motor with their control strategy. The above circuit contains the following blocks such as feed forward compensator, flux or current controller and the driver block. The block also contains the observer. The feedback from the motor or drive is connected to the observer as well as to the feedback compensator. The machine is designed in such a way that it is based on both synchronous and asynchronous type and in this machine the torque control problem can be solved by transforming it into an equivalent current control one. The simple solution is probable because the torque is proportional to the current or to a specific component of the current vector in a proper orientation system. Moreover by considering the wide availability of high-quality and low-cost current transducers the solution obtained is also more convenient from an economical point of view. For the variable reluctance motors the torque versus current function is nonlinear and therefore preventing the simple solution which adopt these drives for standard motors. To prevail over the problem a cascade controller structure which is same as the one proposed earlier has been selected. It consists of an external static feed forward nonlinear compensator which is followed by a nonlinear flux or the current which is selected depending on design choices with the closed-loop controller. In the case of feed forward compensator transforms the torque set point which is corresponding to the flux or current is normal in these cases. The internal closed-loop controller is based on exact or directly measured feedback, depending on the controlled variable selected. Hence the optimization techniques are used for the design of a feed forward pre compensator. The closed-loop controller operates in a stator reference frame thus by avoiding the use of match up transformations. This designing presents the inverter for the motor modelling and control optimization activities. Importance is placed on the optimization techniques used in the design of the feed forward compensator. Finally the work related to the design of the closed loop flux or the current controller is currently in growth. The main report here is that the order to validate the design of the feed forward compensator. Previous to entering into details about the feed forward compensator design, some general considerations are value making in this kind of this design. Direct calculation of a current set point is not suitable because the torque reliance on current must also think about magnetic nonlinearities. Even though the simpler relationship exists between torque and flux the feed forward compensator is designed under the assumption of an internal flux closed-loop controller. But the current is certain in such a way that the flux set point can be directly transformed into a current by means of the model output obtained. It must be pointed out how the planned replica structure would be greatly simplify the design of the torque controller. A critical point is the alteration of the scalar torque demand into a corresponding three-phase flux vector. It can be noted that fluxes qualified to different phases can be bewildered independently by means of the associated control inputs. The control problem thus has as many degrees of freedom as the figure of phases. These degrees of freedom can be used for different purposes such as the four phase motor and the two adjacent phases. These are selected according to the real rotor position and torque signal that are used to impose torque dynamics and ripple-free operation. The remaining two phases are controlled in order to keep their current at zero. For a certain phase motor, the required dynamics is obligatory on motor acceleration by controlling a single phase and thus by selecting as a function of position and torque sign. The left over controls must keep the remaining phase currents at zero or collect them to zero as fast as possible. Both approaches have the similar kind of problems mainly related to the need for a fast switch-on and switch-off of phase currents that impose a voltage waveform that is strongly impulsive. While the voltage is limited in a real power inverter there is an increase in the enduring torque ripple occurs in the machine. Furthermore the solution proposed in during the good dynamic specification of the error between the actual and the desired acceleration does not control the torque ripple explicitly. The approach which is going to be considered in this attempt many degrees of freedom as possible in order to get the best performance from the motor. Thus the modelling would be done in such a way that it gives high efficiency with the low cost production. 6.OVERVIEW OF A VARIABLE RELUCTANCE MOTOR TOPOLOGY: The performance and cost of the variable reluctance motor drive is highly dependent on the topology used to drive the machine. Since the features of Variable reluctance motor drive have been realized the developments in the topologies have proceeded in parallel with the machine design. From those days there have been many topologies invented and while the conventional inverter driven induction machine drive the variable reluctance motor drives havent been made standard . In addition to this the induction motor drives which almost always carry an pulse width modulation voltage link inverter .This method for variable reluctance motor drives seems to be much more application dependent. Ideally the variable reluctance motor drive should meet the following requirements: capability to program a commanded current pulse very quickly and accurately for good drive performance. Low noise and torque pulsation. as low a converter power VA rating as possible for a given drive rating for low cost. low switch/phase ratio. reliability and robustness. high efficiency. Only if all the above requirements are met then only variable reluctance motor drives can be comparable with the conventional inverter driven induction machine drive and other variable speed drives that are present in the market. These topologies discovered up to date and these materials have become popular and it is used in a many of the applications now a days. These configuration design include the asymmetric bridge converter with bifilar winding configuration which will split supply configuration from H-bridge configuration and also from the common switch configuration. The asymmetric bridge converter has an entire current pulse programming power in such a way that the converter is able of apply the full supply voltage across the winding in either directions for the purpose turning the current in each phase that is in on state as well as in off state. Even though the converter faces some difficult from high switch or phase ratio it is normally expensive because the two switches per phase and the associated drive circuit. The winding present in the machine that is the bifilar winding should meet the minimum switch requirement with one switch or the phase ratio. Thus the voltage waveforms resulting from non matching magnetic coupling will increase the switch voltage rating values to twice the value of the voltage and even higher. In addition to the losses such as copper loss which is associated with the auxiliary windings are generally high for many applications. Thus the supply converter topology also meets the minimum switch requirement. And also in this case the phase number must be even and the converter does not ready to tolerate the phase unbalance or the fault in any phase. This is because these fault results in the voltage increase in the capacitor banks. And also the dc bus voltage utilization is poor because only 1/2K is utilized. Thus the H-bridge topology meets the minimum switch requirement. Therefore this reason is suitable for four or multiples of four-phase machines, and it also utilizes only half of the dc supply voltage. In this topology two phases are always on at one time and only one of the two phases are contributing to motoring torque production at any instant time. Therefore, the degradation of the output torque is achieved easily. The common switch design in the machine only requires one more switch in addition to the minimum switch requirement. However this does not tolerate phase overlapping and therefore this leads to its capability and also this is very limited because for the particular reason for the single-pulse mode. Here in this method they have already used C-dump configuration design and this configuration design also requires only one additional switch to the one switch or the phase requirement. The converter utilizes a capacitor to dump the energy of a switch off going phase and a chopper operating with buck principle to discharge the capacitance value. The capacitor voltage is generally maintained at twice the supply voltage value in order to supply negative supply voltage to the off going phase. The converter also has full capability to develop the current pulse during both turn on and turn off condition and also produces high efficiency operation results at the end. The main disadvantages of this converter are the high switching device voltage ratings. The cost of the additional switch of the dump capacitor and inductor also matters finally with the losses associated of the reactive elements. To open new application fields to the variable reluctance motor drives it is clearly necessary to both improve the drive performance at the lower cost. These goals can be achieved either by improving the machine design or creating some innovations techniques in the Inverter which we are going to design. The general circuits for the converter topology are shown as follows; The force production for motoring and regeneration waveforms is shown in the upcoming figure. The forward direction of the motion of the translator is considered as the positive sign. The direction of the motion is considered as positive by assuming the certain phase sequence. While considering the forward direction of the motion they represent the forward motoring operations for their corresponding quadrants. Similarly when we are considering the reverse direction these regions represents the reverse regenerative operation for their quadrants. The duty cycle of each phase is only about 0.34 and their induced emf are constant between x1 and x2.The air gap power and the generating electromagnetic force can be made constant by exciting the stator phases with the wide range of pulse of currents. The one half of the air gap power is saved in the phase windings in the form of magnetic field energy. Then the mechanical power output is formed from the other half of the air gap power. There is the similarities between the reluctance motor and brushless DC motor in terms of current, a ir gap waveforms. Thus the dc machine controller can be used to control the switched reluctance motor for low cost and as well as for high volume applications. 7.ADVANTAGES OF A VARIABLE RELUCTANCE MOTOR: Simple and robust in construction. Low cost due to the absence of rotor windings and magnets due to the use of a small number of concentrated stator coils which is same as the field coils of a dc machine. Low rotor inertia and high torque. Motor phases operate almost independently to each other. The machine has greater economy and reliability. Machine does not need bi directional currents. Suitable for high speed operations. 8.CONCLUSION: Thus I hope that the back ground reading for my project has been done fully with the materials provided by our supervisor as well as with the materials we have collected. Future work is to design an inverter for a variable reluctance motor and build up the hardware kit for the operation. For the above mentioned reason I have gone through back ground reading completed related to the switched and variable reluctance motors. Thus my reason for taking over my project is for both modelling and building the hardware is to simplify the design of the high performance inverter for the machine with high efficiency. Even though different approaches had been overcome to design an inverter the process is carried out to design the material for both rotating and linear machines. Up to date the designing of the material in the laboratory had been performed by simulating using the Mat lab software and coding and waveforms obtained are displayed above in our report.